CLIMATE CHANGE

3. MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Learning Objectives

By the end of this topic, learners should be able to:

· Define and Differentiate: Explain the concept of climate mitigation and distinguish it from climate adaptation (responding to impacts).

· Identify Emission Sources: Categorize major human activities—such as energy production, transportation, and agriculture—that contribute most to GHG emissions.

· Evaluate Strategies: Analyze and compare the effectiveness of various mitigation pathways, including renewable energy transition, energy efficiency, and nature-based solutions.

· Understand Policy Frameworks: Describe the role of international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, and national policies in guiding global mitigation efforts.

· Assess Technological Innovation: Evaluate emerging technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) and their potential risks and benefits.

· Promote Behavioral Change: Propose individual and collective actions, such as shifting diets or choosing sustainable transport, that contribute to emission reductions.

Summary of Concepts to be covered

Category	Key Concepts & Strategies
Energy Transition	Shifting from fossil fuels to renewables (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal); decentralized grids; and the role of nuclear energy.
Efficiency & Conservation	Improving energy efficiency in buildings (insulation, smart design), industry, and appliances to reduce overall demand.
Sustainable Transport	Promoting public transit, cycling, walking, and the transition to electric vehicles (EVs).
Land Use & Agriculture	Regenerative farming; reducing methane from livestock; and protecting/restoring "carbon sinks" like forests and wetlands.
Carbon Management	Technological solutions like Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and natural carbon sequestration through reforestation.
Policy & Economics	Carbon pricing; emissions trading; and the concept of a "Just Transition" for workers in fossil fuel industries.
Waste Management	Implementing the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle); composting organic waste to prevent methane emissions from landfills.